Why am I getting Unidcode Error for some equations after updating Microsoft Windows from 7 to 10?











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I have upgraded Windows from 7 to 10. When I am compiling some latex files, which were already built in Windows 7 and used to work fine - now in Windows 10 I am getting this error message for some equations:



! Package ucs Error: Unknown Unicode character 8289 = U+2061,
(ucs) possibly declared in uni-32.def.
(ucs) Type H to see if it is available with options.


Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits.



Here is an example...
When compiling the below tex file, eq1 and eq2 are fine, while eq3 and eq4 are not. Why and how can this tex file be compiled "in windows 10" without getting a Unicode error?



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min⁡(X)]}{[max⁡(X)-min⁡(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{Standardized}= frac{[x-mean⁡(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}









share|improve this question




















  • 1




    This will be unrelated to the operating system, also it is generally better to avoid usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}usepackage{ucs} unless you know you need that version and use the standard utf8 inputenc option (which is enabled by default in recent releases, so you don't need inputenc at all) How are you producing the file, why do you have U+2061 characters in the input?
    – David Carlisle
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    "Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits." I don't really understand this statement, your TeX distribution should presumably supply Xe(La)TeX, Lua(La)TeX, and pdf(La)TeX, so you shouldn't need to go to an online system to make use of XeLaTeX.
    – aoi
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella you never answered the question of where the U+2061 character came from, it is rather hard to type this invisible character by accident, is this tex converted from some other format?
    – David Carlisle
    8 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella no the windows version does not affect this at all, the error comes from the tex macros and they are not dependent on the operating system
    – David Carlisle
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella I quite understand that the file works on one and not the other but the version of windows won't be the cause, you may have older package version or the file might be in different encoding or ...
    – David Carlisle
    5 hours ago















up vote
3
down vote

favorite












I have upgraded Windows from 7 to 10. When I am compiling some latex files, which were already built in Windows 7 and used to work fine - now in Windows 10 I am getting this error message for some equations:



! Package ucs Error: Unknown Unicode character 8289 = U+2061,
(ucs) possibly declared in uni-32.def.
(ucs) Type H to see if it is available with options.


Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits.



Here is an example...
When compiling the below tex file, eq1 and eq2 are fine, while eq3 and eq4 are not. Why and how can this tex file be compiled "in windows 10" without getting a Unicode error?



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min⁡(X)]}{[max⁡(X)-min⁡(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{Standardized}= frac{[x-mean⁡(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}









share|improve this question




















  • 1




    This will be unrelated to the operating system, also it is generally better to avoid usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}usepackage{ucs} unless you know you need that version and use the standard utf8 inputenc option (which is enabled by default in recent releases, so you don't need inputenc at all) How are you producing the file, why do you have U+2061 characters in the input?
    – David Carlisle
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    "Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits." I don't really understand this statement, your TeX distribution should presumably supply Xe(La)TeX, Lua(La)TeX, and pdf(La)TeX, so you shouldn't need to go to an online system to make use of XeLaTeX.
    – aoi
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella you never answered the question of where the U+2061 character came from, it is rather hard to type this invisible character by accident, is this tex converted from some other format?
    – David Carlisle
    8 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella no the windows version does not affect this at all, the error comes from the tex macros and they are not dependent on the operating system
    – David Carlisle
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella I quite understand that the file works on one and not the other but the version of windows won't be the cause, you may have older package version or the file might be in different encoding or ...
    – David Carlisle
    5 hours ago













up vote
3
down vote

favorite









up vote
3
down vote

favorite











I have upgraded Windows from 7 to 10. When I am compiling some latex files, which were already built in Windows 7 and used to work fine - now in Windows 10 I am getting this error message for some equations:



! Package ucs Error: Unknown Unicode character 8289 = U+2061,
(ucs) possibly declared in uni-32.def.
(ucs) Type H to see if it is available with options.


Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits.



Here is an example...
When compiling the below tex file, eq1 and eq2 are fine, while eq3 and eq4 are not. Why and how can this tex file be compiled "in windows 10" without getting a Unicode error?



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min⁡(X)]}{[max⁡(X)-min⁡(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{Standardized}= frac{[x-mean⁡(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}









share|improve this question















I have upgraded Windows from 7 to 10. When I am compiling some latex files, which were already built in Windows 7 and used to work fine - now in Windows 10 I am getting this error message for some equations:



! Package ucs Error: Unknown Unicode character 8289 = U+2061,
(ucs) possibly declared in uni-32.def.
(ucs) Type H to see if it is available with options.


Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits.



Here is an example...
When compiling the below tex file, eq1 and eq2 are fine, while eq3 and eq4 are not. Why and how can this tex file be compiled "in windows 10" without getting a Unicode error?



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min⁡(X)]}{[max⁡(X)-min⁡(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{Standardized}= frac{[x-mean⁡(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}






math-mode pdftex compiling unicode






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share|improve this question













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share|improve this question








edited 1 hour ago









Mico

272k30369756




272k30369756










asked 9 hours ago









mhdella

897




897








  • 1




    This will be unrelated to the operating system, also it is generally better to avoid usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}usepackage{ucs} unless you know you need that version and use the standard utf8 inputenc option (which is enabled by default in recent releases, so you don't need inputenc at all) How are you producing the file, why do you have U+2061 characters in the input?
    – David Carlisle
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    "Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits." I don't really understand this statement, your TeX distribution should presumably supply Xe(La)TeX, Lua(La)TeX, and pdf(La)TeX, so you shouldn't need to go to an online system to make use of XeLaTeX.
    – aoi
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella you never answered the question of where the U+2061 character came from, it is rather hard to type this invisible character by accident, is this tex converted from some other format?
    – David Carlisle
    8 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella no the windows version does not affect this at all, the error comes from the tex macros and they are not dependent on the operating system
    – David Carlisle
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella I quite understand that the file works on one and not the other but the version of windows won't be the cause, you may have older package version or the file might be in different encoding or ...
    – David Carlisle
    5 hours ago














  • 1




    This will be unrelated to the operating system, also it is generally better to avoid usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}usepackage{ucs} unless you know you need that version and use the standard utf8 inputenc option (which is enabled by default in recent releases, so you don't need inputenc at all) How are you producing the file, why do you have U+2061 characters in the input?
    – David Carlisle
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    "Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits." I don't really understand this statement, your TeX distribution should presumably supply Xe(La)TeX, Lua(La)TeX, and pdf(La)TeX, so you shouldn't need to go to an online system to make use of XeLaTeX.
    – aoi
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella you never answered the question of where the U+2061 character came from, it is rather hard to type this invisible character by accident, is this tex converted from some other format?
    – David Carlisle
    8 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella no the windows version does not affect this at all, the error comes from the tex macros and they are not dependent on the operating system
    – David Carlisle
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella I quite understand that the file works on one and not the other but the version of windows won't be the cause, you may have older package version or the file might be in different encoding or ...
    – David Carlisle
    5 hours ago








1




1




This will be unrelated to the operating system, also it is generally better to avoid usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}usepackage{ucs} unless you know you need that version and use the standard utf8 inputenc option (which is enabled by default in recent releases, so you don't need inputenc at all) How are you producing the file, why do you have U+2061 characters in the input?
– David Carlisle
9 hours ago




This will be unrelated to the operating system, also it is generally better to avoid usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}usepackage{ucs} unless you know you need that version and use the standard utf8 inputenc option (which is enabled by default in recent releases, so you don't need inputenc at all) How are you producing the file, why do you have U+2061 characters in the input?
– David Carlisle
9 hours ago




1




1




"Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits." I don't really understand this statement, your TeX distribution should presumably supply Xe(La)TeX, Lua(La)TeX, and pdf(La)TeX, so you shouldn't need to go to an online system to make use of XeLaTeX.
– aoi
9 hours ago




"Using XeLaTex works well, but I prefer compiling tex files, to do any online edits." I don't really understand this statement, your TeX distribution should presumably supply Xe(La)TeX, Lua(La)TeX, and pdf(La)TeX, so you shouldn't need to go to an online system to make use of XeLaTeX.
– aoi
9 hours ago




1




1




@mhdella you never answered the question of where the U+2061 character came from, it is rather hard to type this invisible character by accident, is this tex converted from some other format?
– David Carlisle
8 hours ago




@mhdella you never answered the question of where the U+2061 character came from, it is rather hard to type this invisible character by accident, is this tex converted from some other format?
– David Carlisle
8 hours ago




1




1




@mhdella no the windows version does not affect this at all, the error comes from the tex macros and they are not dependent on the operating system
– David Carlisle
7 hours ago




@mhdella no the windows version does not affect this at all, the error comes from the tex macros and they are not dependent on the operating system
– David Carlisle
7 hours ago




1




1




@mhdella I quite understand that the file works on one and not the other but the version of windows won't be the cause, you may have older package version or the file might be in different encoding or ...
– David Carlisle
5 hours ago




@mhdella I quite understand that the file works on one and not the other but the version of windows won't be the cause, you may have older package version or the file might be in different encoding or ...
– David Carlisle
5 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
5
down vote













Your file contains hidden characters that LaTeX can't deal with, copy-paste in a good editor to see it. The following image shows these hidden characters shown as f() after min, max, and mean, remove these and recompile. Also min and max are typset in up roman, also mean and std.



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs,amsmath}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_text{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_text{Standardized}= frac{[x-mathrm{mean}(X)]}{mathrm{std}(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}


The correct output:




enter image description here







share|improve this answer























  • Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
    – mhdella
    9 hours ago


















up vote
5
down vote













Compiling your code under LuaLaTeX (while also loading the unicode-math package) yields the following screenshot for equations 3 and 4:



enter image description here



I've highlighted the four occurrences of U+2061. Why is this character in your tex file to begin with?



I believe you should re-write your code using min and max along the following lines (to be compiled under pdfLaTeX):



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage{ucs} % is this really needed?
usepackage{amsmath}
DeclareMathOperator{mean}{mean}
DeclareMathOperator{std}{std}

begin{document}
begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+dots+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{mathrm{Scaled}}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{mathrm{Standardized}}= frac{[x-mean(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}
end{document}





share|improve this answer

















  • 2




    I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
    – egreg
    8 hours ago










  • Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
    – mhdella
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
    – Mico
    2 hours ago











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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
5
down vote













Your file contains hidden characters that LaTeX can't deal with, copy-paste in a good editor to see it. The following image shows these hidden characters shown as f() after min, max, and mean, remove these and recompile. Also min and max are typset in up roman, also mean and std.



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs,amsmath}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_text{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_text{Standardized}= frac{[x-mathrm{mean}(X)]}{mathrm{std}(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}


The correct output:




enter image description here







share|improve this answer























  • Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
    – mhdella
    9 hours ago















up vote
5
down vote













Your file contains hidden characters that LaTeX can't deal with, copy-paste in a good editor to see it. The following image shows these hidden characters shown as f() after min, max, and mean, remove these and recompile. Also min and max are typset in up roman, also mean and std.



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs,amsmath}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_text{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_text{Standardized}= frac{[x-mathrm{mean}(X)]}{mathrm{std}(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}


The correct output:




enter image description here







share|improve this answer























  • Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
    – mhdella
    9 hours ago













up vote
5
down vote










up vote
5
down vote









Your file contains hidden characters that LaTeX can't deal with, copy-paste in a good editor to see it. The following image shows these hidden characters shown as f() after min, max, and mean, remove these and recompile. Also min and max are typset in up roman, also mean and std.



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs,amsmath}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_text{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_text{Standardized}= frac{[x-mathrm{mean}(X)]}{mathrm{std}(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}


The correct output:




enter image description here







share|improve this answer














Your file contains hidden characters that LaTeX can't deal with, copy-paste in a good editor to see it. The following image shows these hidden characters shown as f() after min, max, and mean, remove these and recompile. Also min and max are typset in up roman, also mean and std.



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
usepackage{ucs,amsmath}

begin{document}

begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+..+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_text{Scaled}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_text{Standardized}= frac{[x-mathrm{mean}(X)]}{mathrm{std}(X)}
end{equation}

end{document}


The correct output:




enter image description here








share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 9 hours ago

























answered 9 hours ago









AboAmmar

32k22781




32k22781












  • Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
    – mhdella
    9 hours ago


















  • Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
    – mhdella
    9 hours ago
















Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
– mhdella
9 hours ago




Thanks very much indeed, AboAmmar
– mhdella
9 hours ago










up vote
5
down vote













Compiling your code under LuaLaTeX (while also loading the unicode-math package) yields the following screenshot for equations 3 and 4:



enter image description here



I've highlighted the four occurrences of U+2061. Why is this character in your tex file to begin with?



I believe you should re-write your code using min and max along the following lines (to be compiled under pdfLaTeX):



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage{ucs} % is this really needed?
usepackage{amsmath}
DeclareMathOperator{mean}{mean}
DeclareMathOperator{std}{std}

begin{document}
begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+dots+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{mathrm{Scaled}}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{mathrm{Standardized}}= frac{[x-mean(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}
end{document}





share|improve this answer

















  • 2




    I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
    – egreg
    8 hours ago










  • Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
    – mhdella
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
    – Mico
    2 hours ago















up vote
5
down vote













Compiling your code under LuaLaTeX (while also loading the unicode-math package) yields the following screenshot for equations 3 and 4:



enter image description here



I've highlighted the four occurrences of U+2061. Why is this character in your tex file to begin with?



I believe you should re-write your code using min and max along the following lines (to be compiled under pdfLaTeX):



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage{ucs} % is this really needed?
usepackage{amsmath}
DeclareMathOperator{mean}{mean}
DeclareMathOperator{std}{std}

begin{document}
begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+dots+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{mathrm{Scaled}}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{mathrm{Standardized}}= frac{[x-mean(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}
end{document}





share|improve this answer

















  • 2




    I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
    – egreg
    8 hours ago










  • Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
    – mhdella
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
    – Mico
    2 hours ago













up vote
5
down vote










up vote
5
down vote









Compiling your code under LuaLaTeX (while also loading the unicode-math package) yields the following screenshot for equations 3 and 4:



enter image description here



I've highlighted the four occurrences of U+2061. Why is this character in your tex file to begin with?



I believe you should re-write your code using min and max along the following lines (to be compiled under pdfLaTeX):



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage{ucs} % is this really needed?
usepackage{amsmath}
DeclareMathOperator{mean}{mean}
DeclareMathOperator{std}{std}

begin{document}
begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+dots+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{mathrm{Scaled}}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{mathrm{Standardized}}= frac{[x-mean(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}
end{document}





share|improve this answer












Compiling your code under LuaLaTeX (while also loading the unicode-math package) yields the following screenshot for equations 3 and 4:



enter image description here



I've highlighted the four occurrences of U+2061. Why is this character in your tex file to begin with?



I believe you should re-write your code using min and max along the following lines (to be compiled under pdfLaTeX):



enter image description here



documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} 
usepackage{ucs} % is this really needed?
usepackage{amsmath}
DeclareMathOperator{mean}{mean}
DeclareMathOperator{std}{std}

begin{document}
begin{equation}label{eq 1}
F=W_{A}*M_{A}+W_{B}*M_{B}+dots+W_{N}*M_{N}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq 2}
RR=frac{dP(t)}{dt}=frac{P(t)-P(t-D)}{D}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_3}
X_{mathrm{Scaled}}=a+ frac{[x-min(X)]}{[max(X)-min(X)]}*{b-a}
end{equation}

begin{equation}label{eq_4}
X_{mathrm{Standardized}}= frac{[x-mean(X)]}{std(X)}
end{equation}
end{document}






share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered 9 hours ago









Mico

272k30369756




272k30369756








  • 2




    I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
    – egreg
    8 hours ago










  • Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
    – mhdella
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
    – Mico
    2 hours ago














  • 2




    I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
    – egreg
    8 hours ago










  • Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
    – mhdella
    7 hours ago






  • 1




    @mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
    – Mico
    2 hours ago








2




2




I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
– egreg
8 hours ago




I guess the OP is using some equation editor and the new version adds that Unicode invisible character (which makes sense for translations to MathML, I believe).
– egreg
8 hours ago












Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
– mhdella
7 hours ago




Thanks Mico for your response and correcting the tex file. Thanks egreg for the comment. I managed the Unicode error by just adding usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} and DeclareUnicodeCharacter{"2061}{}
– mhdella
7 hours ago




1




1




@mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
– Mico
2 hours ago




@mhdella - Glad you found a workaround. A separate issue: I would hope you’ll still do your readers a favor and start writing mib, max, etc. That’ll make it much easier for them to notice what’s an operator and what’s a string of one-letter variable names.
– Mico
2 hours ago


















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