What exactly is 'level shift' in translation theory by Catford?











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i dont quiet understand what does the 'level' in level shift refers to. all example that i found was like a present continous tense phrase, or perfect tenses, like using "have been", "to be + -ing", and etc. but is there other example?



for example,
French: "Les fleurs"
English: "Flowers"



we can't just write "fleurs" without the "Les", but there's no translation of "Les" in english. so is it counted as level shift?



and for example,
French: "Les Fleurs"
English: "Flower"



the translation is in singular and not plural like the source language. is it also a level shift?






translation







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    up vote
    0
    down vote

    favorite












    i dont quiet understand what does the 'level' in level shift refers to. all example that i found was like a present continous tense phrase, or perfect tenses, like using "have been", "to be + -ing", and etc. but is there other example?



    for example,
    French: "Les fleurs"
    English: "Flowers"



    we can't just write "fleurs" without the "Les", but there's no translation of "Les" in english. so is it counted as level shift?



    and for example,
    French: "Les Fleurs"
    English: "Flower"



    the translation is in singular and not plural like the source language. is it also a level shift?






    translation







    share|improve this question







    New contributor




    user8930 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
    Check out our Code of Conduct.






















      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite











      i dont quiet understand what does the 'level' in level shift refers to. all example that i found was like a present continous tense phrase, or perfect tenses, like using "have been", "to be + -ing", and etc. but is there other example?



      for example,
      French: "Les fleurs"
      English: "Flowers"



      we can't just write "fleurs" without the "Les", but there's no translation of "Les" in english. so is it counted as level shift?



      and for example,
      French: "Les Fleurs"
      English: "Flower"



      the translation is in singular and not plural like the source language. is it also a level shift?






      translation







      share|improve this question







      New contributor




      user8930 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.











      i dont quiet understand what does the 'level' in level shift refers to. all example that i found was like a present continous tense phrase, or perfect tenses, like using "have been", "to be + -ing", and etc. but is there other example?



      for example,
      French: "Les fleurs"
      English: "Flowers"



      we can't just write "fleurs" without the "Les", but there's no translation of "Les" in english. so is it counted as level shift?



      and for example,
      French: "Les Fleurs"
      English: "Flower"



      the translation is in singular and not plural like the source language. is it also a level shift?






      translation




      translation






      share|improve this question







      New contributor




      user8930 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.











      share|improve this question







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