X-bar tree for a sentence
up vote
2
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Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise of that of the society to which he belongs. (Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations)
The structure of the sentence above from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations is too complex for me. I have tried a few times to draw the X-Bar tree but I couldn't.
Is "as they make a part of his fortune" an embedded clause? I would appreciate it if you could draw the tree or explain the structure of the sentence (constituents).
grammar syntax grammatical-structure syntactic-analysis parsing
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise of that of the society to which he belongs. (Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations)
The structure of the sentence above from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations is too complex for me. I have tried a few times to draw the X-Bar tree but I couldn't.
Is "as they make a part of his fortune" an embedded clause? I would appreciate it if you could draw the tree or explain the structure of the sentence (constituents).
grammar syntax grammatical-structure syntactic-analysis parsing
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
1
You should ask this question on our Linguistics site, here link.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 9:09
2
@BillJ Two problems there, unfortunately. They won't help with syntax trees, and they won't do language-specific questions (although there seems to be some leeway with the latter, occasionally)
– Araucaria
Oct 25 at 11:57
Would it be on topic here at ELU to at least explain what refers to what? The sentence is pretty convoluted.
– Mitch
Oct 25 at 12:44
@Araucaria That's true. I've put up a few CGEL-type trees there in the past, and no one has complained, though I don't (can't?) do x-bar stuff.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 13:50
I think you're on the right lines. The structure of the sentence resembles a correlative comparative one, but here the subordinate clause functions as complement to "as": "As those talents make a part of his fortune, so do they make a fortune of the society to which he belongs".
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 14:04
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise of that of the society to which he belongs. (Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations)
The structure of the sentence above from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations is too complex for me. I have tried a few times to draw the X-Bar tree but I couldn't.
Is "as they make a part of his fortune" an embedded clause? I would appreciate it if you could draw the tree or explain the structure of the sentence (constituents).
grammar syntax grammatical-structure syntactic-analysis parsing
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise of that of the society to which he belongs. (Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations)
The structure of the sentence above from Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations is too complex for me. I have tried a few times to draw the X-Bar tree but I couldn't.
Is "as they make a part of his fortune" an embedded clause? I would appreciate it if you could draw the tree or explain the structure of the sentence (constituents).
grammar syntax grammatical-structure syntactic-analysis parsing
grammar syntax grammatical-structure syntactic-analysis parsing
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
edited Oct 25 at 11:55
Araucaria
35k967144
35k967144
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
asked Oct 25 at 8:02
R. Toward
111
111
1
You should ask this question on our Linguistics site, here link.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 9:09
2
@BillJ Two problems there, unfortunately. They won't help with syntax trees, and they won't do language-specific questions (although there seems to be some leeway with the latter, occasionally)
– Araucaria
Oct 25 at 11:57
Would it be on topic here at ELU to at least explain what refers to what? The sentence is pretty convoluted.
– Mitch
Oct 25 at 12:44
@Araucaria That's true. I've put up a few CGEL-type trees there in the past, and no one has complained, though I don't (can't?) do x-bar stuff.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 13:50
I think you're on the right lines. The structure of the sentence resembles a correlative comparative one, but here the subordinate clause functions as complement to "as": "As those talents make a part of his fortune, so do they make a fortune of the society to which he belongs".
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 14:04
add a comment |
1
You should ask this question on our Linguistics site, here link.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 9:09
2
@BillJ Two problems there, unfortunately. They won't help with syntax trees, and they won't do language-specific questions (although there seems to be some leeway with the latter, occasionally)
– Araucaria
Oct 25 at 11:57
Would it be on topic here at ELU to at least explain what refers to what? The sentence is pretty convoluted.
– Mitch
Oct 25 at 12:44
@Araucaria That's true. I've put up a few CGEL-type trees there in the past, and no one has complained, though I don't (can't?) do x-bar stuff.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 13:50
I think you're on the right lines. The structure of the sentence resembles a correlative comparative one, but here the subordinate clause functions as complement to "as": "As those talents make a part of his fortune, so do they make a fortune of the society to which he belongs".
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 14:04
1
1
You should ask this question on our Linguistics site, here link.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 9:09
You should ask this question on our Linguistics site, here link.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 9:09
2
2
@BillJ Two problems there, unfortunately. They won't help with syntax trees, and they won't do language-specific questions (although there seems to be some leeway with the latter, occasionally)
– Araucaria
Oct 25 at 11:57
@BillJ Two problems there, unfortunately. They won't help with syntax trees, and they won't do language-specific questions (although there seems to be some leeway with the latter, occasionally)
– Araucaria
Oct 25 at 11:57
Would it be on topic here at ELU to at least explain what refers to what? The sentence is pretty convoluted.
– Mitch
Oct 25 at 12:44
Would it be on topic here at ELU to at least explain what refers to what? The sentence is pretty convoluted.
– Mitch
Oct 25 at 12:44
@Araucaria That's true. I've put up a few CGEL-type trees there in the past, and no one has complained, though I don't (can't?) do x-bar stuff.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 13:50
@Araucaria That's true. I've put up a few CGEL-type trees there in the past, and no one has complained, though I don't (can't?) do x-bar stuff.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 13:50
I think you're on the right lines. The structure of the sentence resembles a correlative comparative one, but here the subordinate clause functions as complement to "as": "As those talents make a part of his fortune, so do they make a fortune of the society to which he belongs".
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 14:04
I think you're on the right lines. The structure of the sentence resembles a correlative comparative one, but here the subordinate clause functions as complement to "as": "As those talents make a part of his fortune, so do they make a fortune of the society to which he belongs".
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 14:04
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
up vote
0
down vote
X-bar is a general, structural, formal template for phrase strucutre. Specifically, X-bar assumes that phrases have a head, X° which may take a complement forming an intermediate category X', which in turn can occur with a specifer to form a maximal phrase, XP.
X-bar is not a comprehensive theory of syntactic structure.
Hence, there is no such thing as "the" X-bar tree for your sentence.
Rather, there are many possible trees conforming to the X-bar format, which differ widely in detail depending on your specific syntactic assumptions.
Your sentence is extremely complicated, involving displaced constituents, parentheticals, and ellipsis! Hence, it's unreasonable to expect there to be one, consensus, standard tree for it.
This being said, here is one possible syntactic analysis that conforms to the formal principles imposed by X-bar.
This tree makes a lot structural assumptions, which are not part of X-bar, such as:
- The tree uses a CP-IP-VP hierarchy of projections.
- Pronouns, like he, are of category D.
- English has an empty tense agreement morpheme in I in clauses with finite lexical main verbs.
- Any machinery that would explain displacement is omitted (here formalized as movement with a trace, t, belongs to which -> to whichs ... belongs).
Wh-relative clauses involve an empty C-head.
- Interrogative pronouns, like which, are of category D.
- Relative clauses are adjoined to NP.
- The tree follows the "DP-hypothesis" - structures like the fortune are headed by "the", not by "fortune".
- Co-reference in relative clauses is accomplished by simple co-indexing (societyj ... whichj)
- The of-phrase after fortune of and part of is a complement.
- Ellipsis is modelled as deletion, shown with a strike-through. That analysis is used for gapping and noun-ellipsis.
- Specifiers are used exclusively for subject positions.
Likewise is an adverb.
- Adverbs are adjoined to VP.
- There is a correlative relation between the as-clause and resumptive so, shown by co-indexing
- Left-dislocation with resumptions (in those talents ... they and as ... so) is adjunction to CP.
- subject auxiliary inversion is I-to-C movement.
- The possessive his is of category D.
- The clause as they make ... is a free relative - it means "in that manner in which they make", involving fronting of as functioning as an operator.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
0
down vote
X-bar is a general, structural, formal template for phrase strucutre. Specifically, X-bar assumes that phrases have a head, X° which may take a complement forming an intermediate category X', which in turn can occur with a specifer to form a maximal phrase, XP.
X-bar is not a comprehensive theory of syntactic structure.
Hence, there is no such thing as "the" X-bar tree for your sentence.
Rather, there are many possible trees conforming to the X-bar format, which differ widely in detail depending on your specific syntactic assumptions.
Your sentence is extremely complicated, involving displaced constituents, parentheticals, and ellipsis! Hence, it's unreasonable to expect there to be one, consensus, standard tree for it.
This being said, here is one possible syntactic analysis that conforms to the formal principles imposed by X-bar.
This tree makes a lot structural assumptions, which are not part of X-bar, such as:
- The tree uses a CP-IP-VP hierarchy of projections.
- Pronouns, like he, are of category D.
- English has an empty tense agreement morpheme in I in clauses with finite lexical main verbs.
- Any machinery that would explain displacement is omitted (here formalized as movement with a trace, t, belongs to which -> to whichs ... belongs).
Wh-relative clauses involve an empty C-head.
- Interrogative pronouns, like which, are of category D.
- Relative clauses are adjoined to NP.
- The tree follows the "DP-hypothesis" - structures like the fortune are headed by "the", not by "fortune".
- Co-reference in relative clauses is accomplished by simple co-indexing (societyj ... whichj)
- The of-phrase after fortune of and part of is a complement.
- Ellipsis is modelled as deletion, shown with a strike-through. That analysis is used for gapping and noun-ellipsis.
- Specifiers are used exclusively for subject positions.
Likewise is an adverb.
- Adverbs are adjoined to VP.
- There is a correlative relation between the as-clause and resumptive so, shown by co-indexing
- Left-dislocation with resumptions (in those talents ... they and as ... so) is adjunction to CP.
- subject auxiliary inversion is I-to-C movement.
- The possessive his is of category D.
- The clause as they make ... is a free relative - it means "in that manner in which they make", involving fronting of as functioning as an operator.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
X-bar is a general, structural, formal template for phrase strucutre. Specifically, X-bar assumes that phrases have a head, X° which may take a complement forming an intermediate category X', which in turn can occur with a specifer to form a maximal phrase, XP.
X-bar is not a comprehensive theory of syntactic structure.
Hence, there is no such thing as "the" X-bar tree for your sentence.
Rather, there are many possible trees conforming to the X-bar format, which differ widely in detail depending on your specific syntactic assumptions.
Your sentence is extremely complicated, involving displaced constituents, parentheticals, and ellipsis! Hence, it's unreasonable to expect there to be one, consensus, standard tree for it.
This being said, here is one possible syntactic analysis that conforms to the formal principles imposed by X-bar.
This tree makes a lot structural assumptions, which are not part of X-bar, such as:
- The tree uses a CP-IP-VP hierarchy of projections.
- Pronouns, like he, are of category D.
- English has an empty tense agreement morpheme in I in clauses with finite lexical main verbs.
- Any machinery that would explain displacement is omitted (here formalized as movement with a trace, t, belongs to which -> to whichs ... belongs).
Wh-relative clauses involve an empty C-head.
- Interrogative pronouns, like which, are of category D.
- Relative clauses are adjoined to NP.
- The tree follows the "DP-hypothesis" - structures like the fortune are headed by "the", not by "fortune".
- Co-reference in relative clauses is accomplished by simple co-indexing (societyj ... whichj)
- The of-phrase after fortune of and part of is a complement.
- Ellipsis is modelled as deletion, shown with a strike-through. That analysis is used for gapping and noun-ellipsis.
- Specifiers are used exclusively for subject positions.
Likewise is an adverb.
- Adverbs are adjoined to VP.
- There is a correlative relation between the as-clause and resumptive so, shown by co-indexing
- Left-dislocation with resumptions (in those talents ... they and as ... so) is adjunction to CP.
- subject auxiliary inversion is I-to-C movement.
- The possessive his is of category D.
- The clause as they make ... is a free relative - it means "in that manner in which they make", involving fronting of as functioning as an operator.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
X-bar is a general, structural, formal template for phrase strucutre. Specifically, X-bar assumes that phrases have a head, X° which may take a complement forming an intermediate category X', which in turn can occur with a specifer to form a maximal phrase, XP.
X-bar is not a comprehensive theory of syntactic structure.
Hence, there is no such thing as "the" X-bar tree for your sentence.
Rather, there are many possible trees conforming to the X-bar format, which differ widely in detail depending on your specific syntactic assumptions.
Your sentence is extremely complicated, involving displaced constituents, parentheticals, and ellipsis! Hence, it's unreasonable to expect there to be one, consensus, standard tree for it.
This being said, here is one possible syntactic analysis that conforms to the formal principles imposed by X-bar.
This tree makes a lot structural assumptions, which are not part of X-bar, such as:
- The tree uses a CP-IP-VP hierarchy of projections.
- Pronouns, like he, are of category D.
- English has an empty tense agreement morpheme in I in clauses with finite lexical main verbs.
- Any machinery that would explain displacement is omitted (here formalized as movement with a trace, t, belongs to which -> to whichs ... belongs).
Wh-relative clauses involve an empty C-head.
- Interrogative pronouns, like which, are of category D.
- Relative clauses are adjoined to NP.
- The tree follows the "DP-hypothesis" - structures like the fortune are headed by "the", not by "fortune".
- Co-reference in relative clauses is accomplished by simple co-indexing (societyj ... whichj)
- The of-phrase after fortune of and part of is a complement.
- Ellipsis is modelled as deletion, shown with a strike-through. That analysis is used for gapping and noun-ellipsis.
- Specifiers are used exclusively for subject positions.
Likewise is an adverb.
- Adverbs are adjoined to VP.
- There is a correlative relation between the as-clause and resumptive so, shown by co-indexing
- Left-dislocation with resumptions (in those talents ... they and as ... so) is adjunction to CP.
- subject auxiliary inversion is I-to-C movement.
- The possessive his is of category D.
- The clause as they make ... is a free relative - it means "in that manner in which they make", involving fronting of as functioning as an operator.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
X-bar is a general, structural, formal template for phrase strucutre. Specifically, X-bar assumes that phrases have a head, X° which may take a complement forming an intermediate category X', which in turn can occur with a specifer to form a maximal phrase, XP.
X-bar is not a comprehensive theory of syntactic structure.
Hence, there is no such thing as "the" X-bar tree for your sentence.
Rather, there are many possible trees conforming to the X-bar format, which differ widely in detail depending on your specific syntactic assumptions.
Your sentence is extremely complicated, involving displaced constituents, parentheticals, and ellipsis! Hence, it's unreasonable to expect there to be one, consensus, standard tree for it.
This being said, here is one possible syntactic analysis that conforms to the formal principles imposed by X-bar.
This tree makes a lot structural assumptions, which are not part of X-bar, such as:
- The tree uses a CP-IP-VP hierarchy of projections.
- Pronouns, like he, are of category D.
- English has an empty tense agreement morpheme in I in clauses with finite lexical main verbs.
- Any machinery that would explain displacement is omitted (here formalized as movement with a trace, t, belongs to which -> to whichs ... belongs).
Wh-relative clauses involve an empty C-head.
- Interrogative pronouns, like which, are of category D.
- Relative clauses are adjoined to NP.
- The tree follows the "DP-hypothesis" - structures like the fortune are headed by "the", not by "fortune".
- Co-reference in relative clauses is accomplished by simple co-indexing (societyj ... whichj)
- The of-phrase after fortune of and part of is a complement.
- Ellipsis is modelled as deletion, shown with a strike-through. That analysis is used for gapping and noun-ellipsis.
- Specifiers are used exclusively for subject positions.
Likewise is an adverb.
- Adverbs are adjoined to VP.
- There is a correlative relation between the as-clause and resumptive so, shown by co-indexing
- Left-dislocation with resumptions (in those talents ... they and as ... so) is adjunction to CP.
- subject auxiliary inversion is I-to-C movement.
- The possessive his is of category D.
- The clause as they make ... is a free relative - it means "in that manner in which they make", involving fronting of as functioning as an operator.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
answered 34 mins ago
Richard Z
515
515
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Richard Z is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
add a comment |
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1
You should ask this question on our Linguistics site, here link.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 9:09
2
@BillJ Two problems there, unfortunately. They won't help with syntax trees, and they won't do language-specific questions (although there seems to be some leeway with the latter, occasionally)
– Araucaria
Oct 25 at 11:57
Would it be on topic here at ELU to at least explain what refers to what? The sentence is pretty convoluted.
– Mitch
Oct 25 at 12:44
@Araucaria That's true. I've put up a few CGEL-type trees there in the past, and no one has complained, though I don't (can't?) do x-bar stuff.
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 13:50
I think you're on the right lines. The structure of the sentence resembles a correlative comparative one, but here the subordinate clause functions as complement to "as": "As those talents make a part of his fortune, so do they make a fortune of the society to which he belongs".
– BillJ
Oct 25 at 14:04