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What is the difference in meaning between criticism and critique?

At bottom there is no difference.

The terms critic, criticize, criticism have always had a double sense in English. The base meaning is “pass judgment on”, but in popular use the words have usually meant “pass a negative judgment on”, while in academic and literary use they have tended in the opposite direction, signifying close and dispassionate analysis which may or may not issue in a formal judgment.

The French version critique was adopted into English primarily as a noun, meaning an instance of criticism, a critical essay or notice; in many cases there is no evident distinction between critic(k) and critique in this sense until the 19th century. Around 1960 academics began using critique in both nominal and verbal senses more and more frequently—at a guess, as a desperate effort to drive into thick undergraduate heads the fact that the critical endeavour in literature, art, history and philosophy is not simply a matter of expressing negative opinions.

If that was the intention, it failed. Today critique in popular use is just as likely to mean ‘censure’ as ‘analyze’.

“Maybe we should be that way about the first gentleman also and really critique the way they look all the time, their choice of tie, or their hair style or whatever, or maybe their weight.” —Former first lady Laura Bush on CSPAN, Jan 27 2014

Yes, to hell with all of these left communists making criticisms! For as we all know the left has never done anything worth of critique! —Comment on a book review on The North Star, Apr 5 2014

Funding freeze critiqued A UK science-advocacy group says that a repeated freeze to the government's £4.6-billion (US$7-billion) science-research budget, announced on 26 June, will damage early-career researchers' work and drive them to other nations. —Nature online, 2013

"Critique" is mainly used when literature or a work of art is concerned. "Criticism" is the general word.

I had a teacher for Equine and Animal science that was a real hard ass, but I loved her very much. She always said to people "I'm not criticizing you, I'm critiquing you"
In other words she wasnt trying to hurt someone with everything they did wrong, she was pointing out specifically the things they needed to work on and how to do so. Even if it sounded harsh I believe critiquing always involves some sort of advice or reasoning to help a person grow from mistakes. While critics just say there opinion on how things are wrong. Whether it's what you say, do, how you write, think etc.

http://scribesalley.blogspot.com/2008/08/difference-between-critique-and.html

The Difference between Critique and Criticism

Criticism finds fault/Critique looks at structure

Criticism looks for what's lacking/Critique finds what's working

Criticism condemns what it doesn't understand/Critique asks for clarification

Criticism is spoken with a cruel wit and sarcastic tongue/Critique's voice is kind, honest, and objective

Criticism is negative/Critique is positive (even about what isn't working)

Criticism is vague and general/Critique is concrete and specific

Criticism has no sense of humor/Critique insists on laughter, too

Criticism looks for flaws in the writer as well as the writing/Critique addresses only what is on the page

Taken from Writing Alone, Writing Together; A Guide for Writers and
Writing Groups by Judy Reeves

criticize is like when u know your kids talk something bad about someone not exactly backbiting but like

when he went to syria he saw people criticizing hazrat ali

criticize is talking bad about someone you know i dont care if thats not the correct answer cause i am just typing like crazy

critique means to censure/analyze